Environmental Threats

Male reproductive health may be affected by both environmental exposure and lifestyle habits. Microplastics, endocrine-disrupting chemicals, and electromagnetic radiation from smartphones are being studied in relation to reactive oxygen species (ROS), temperature changes, and hormonal environments. Individual impact and causality can vary depending on exposure level, health status, and lifestyle, so sperm health management should include lifestyle review and specialist consultation when needed.

PMC12565704

Fertility & Sterility, 2023

Thirumavalavan et al., Urology 2019

22.3

Thirumavalavan et al., Urology 2019

70.4%

Nayan et al., Transl Androl Urol, 2018

17.2%

ASRM Ethics Committee, F&S 2021

$19.2K

AUA Male Infertility Guideline(2024); Boivin et al., PMC12330681(2024); Sharma A. et al., JCEM(2024)

70-80

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400+

100M+

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